- current or recent (within last 30 days) gastrointestinal ulceration,
- malignant neoplasms at high risk of bleeding,
- recent brain or spinal injury,
- recent brain or spinal or ophthalmic surgery,
- recent intracranial haemorrhage,
- known or suspected oesophageal varices,
- arteriovenous malformations (excluding AV fistula or AV graft for dialysis vascular access),
- vascular aneurysms or major intraspinal or intracerebral vascular abnormalities,
- bronchiectasis or pulmonary bleeding,
- any congenital or acquired bleeding disorder.
